Abstract: Femtech is advancing rapidly as a field with the capacity to transform women’s health by addressing prevailing inequities in diagnosis, care, and access. Despite systemic, structural, cultural, data, regulatory, and access barriers that have historically limited progress, recent innovations are demonstrating measurable impact. Advances in point of care diagnostics and CRISPR based technologies promise earlier and more precise detection. Wearables and continuous monitoring are expanding opportunities for personalized care, while artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and real world data integration are creating new pathways for evidence generation, adaptive decision support, and population level insights. This article synthesizes these developments into a conceptual framework to guide future research, policy, and implementation in femtech, rather than aiming to provide original clinical data. It maps how femtech innovation is reshaping the landscape while highlighting areas where alignment with diverse user needs and infrastructures remains essential. To accelerate translation from innovation to execution, this article proposes a four pillar framework as a strategic roadmap: (1) building inclusive and representative evidence bases, (2) ensuring usability and affordability across contexts, (3) strengthening regulatory and ethical alignment, and (4) fostering integration of data and delivery systems. By situating technological advances within this framework, femtech can become a coherent, equitable, and scientifically robust ecosystem. This evolution holds the potential to close diagnostic and informational gaps and redefine global standards of care. Understanding and addressing these intersecting dimensions will guide research priorities, investment strategies, and policy development, ensuring that femtech fulfills its promise with rigor, inclusivity, and impact.
Abstract: Vaginal pH and basal body temperature (BBT) are critical yet underutilised metrics in reproductive health monitoring. This literature review examines how these non-invasive biomarkers vary across ethnic groups, influenced by factors including diet, lifestyle, and geographical location, and explores their potential to enhance fertility tracking and menstrual health outcomes at a global scale. Findings reveal significant variation in pH and BBT patterns across populations, underscoring the need for ethnicity-informed reference standards in clinical and consumer health tools. The review concludes that integrating these metrics with technology-supported educational and interventional programs can meaningfully improve women’s reproductive quality of life, psycho-social wellbeing, and access to personalised care, while calling for further clinical validation to establish reliable, accessible, and culturally responsive tools for managing reproductive health worldwide.
